Senegal Bichir
Polypterus senegalus
 
The Senegal Bichir is one of the most popular and widely available species in the bichir family. Sometimes called the Gray Bichir or Cuvier Bichir, this prehistoric-looking fish is hardy, relatively small compared to other bichirs, and ideal for aquarists new to the Polypterus group.
Native to slow-moving rivers, swamps, and floodplains across West and Central Africa, the Senegal Bichir is known for its elongated body, armored scales, and ability to breathe atmospheric air using a modified swim bladder. It is a peaceful yet predatory species that adds a unique, ancient appeal to a large aquarium setup.
 
Species Overview
Common Name: Senegal Bichir
Scientific Name: Polypterus senegalus
Origin: West and Central Africa
Maximum Size: Up to 35 cm in aquariums
Lifespan: 10 to 15 years
Temperament: Peaceful but predatory
Activity: Nocturnal; bottom-dwelling
Compatibility: Best with large, calm tankmates; will eat smaller fish
 
Aquarium Requirements
Minimum Tank Size: 200 litres
Substrate: Sand or soft, smooth gravel
Décor: Rocks, driftwood, caves, and hiding spots
Plants: Hardy or floating plants are suitable
Lighting: Dim to moderate
Filtration: Moderate to strong; low current preferred
Tank Cover: Tight-fitting lid is essential – Senegal Bichirs are escape artists and can breathe air
 
Water Parameters
Temperature: 24–28°C
pH: 6.5–7.8
Hardness: Soft to moderately hard
Water Movement: Low to moderate current
 
Diet
Diet Type: Carnivorous
Preferred Foods: Bloodworms, brine shrimp, chopped fish, shrimp, mussels, sinking carnivore pellets
Feeding Frequency: Once or twice daily
Feeding Tips: Feed after lights are dimmed for best results
 
Breeding
Rare in home aquariums but possible under the right conditions
Males have broader anal fins than females
Egg-scatterers; no parental care
Breeding requires cool water changes, low lighting, and soft water
 
Care Summary
Care Level: Beginner to intermediate
Temperament: Generally peaceful, predatory toward small fish
Adult Size: Up to 35 cm
Tank Size: Minimum 200 litres
Water Temperature: 24–28°C
pH Range: 6.5–7.8
Diet: Carnivore – meaty frozen or live foods, pellets
Breeding: Rare but possible in captivity
Tankmates: Large, peaceful fish; avoid small or aggressive species