Hoplo Catfish (Megalechis thoracata)
 
The Hoplo Catfish is a robust, peaceful, and adaptable catfish species native to South America. Recognised for its bronze to dark olive coloration with speckled markings and pronounced armor-like scales, this fish is a favorite in community aquariums. It’s well known for its foraging habits, social nature, and durability in a wide range of freshwater setups.
Hoplos are hardy and make excellent beginner fish, often seen gliding along the bottom in search of food or resting under driftwood and plants.
 
Scientific Name: Megalechis thoracata
Common Name: Hoplo Catfish, Spotted Hoplo
Origin: Amazon and Orinoco River basins, South America
Adult Size: 12–15 cm (5–6 inches)
Lifespan: 5–8 years
Temperament: Peaceful and social
Tank Level: Bottom-dweller
Diet: Omnivorous scavenger
Minimum Tank Size: 100 litres
Temperature: 22–28°C
pH Range: 6.5–7.8
Hardness: Soft to moderately hard
 
Tank Setup:
Use soft sand or smooth gravel substrate to protect their sensitive barbels.
Decorate with driftwood, caves, and aquatic plants, leaving open space for movement.
A tight lid is recommended, as Hoplos may jump when startled.
 
Water Conditions:
Moderate water flow and good filtration are ideal.
Maintain consistent water quality with weekly water changes (25–40%).
 
Diet:
Feed high-quality sinking pellets, frozen foods (like bloodworms or brine shrimp), and fresh vegetables (blanched zucchini, peas).
Will help clean up uneaten food, but still needs regular, balanced meals.
 
Tankmates:
Excellent community fish — peaceful with most non-aggressive tankmates.
Suitable with tetras, gouramis, rainbowfish, dwarf cichlids, and other peaceful catfish.
Keep singly or in small groups for natural behavior.
 
Breeding:
Breeding can occur in home aquariums, especially in larger, well-maintained setups.
Males may create bubble nests; spawning may be triggered by large water changes and protein-rich feeding.
Remove eggs or adults post-spawn to prevent predation.