Steatocranus casuarius — Lionhead Cichlid
Family: Cichlidae
Origin: Congo River Basin, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Size: Up to 10 cm (4 inches)
Lifespan: 5–8 years
 
Natural Habitat
Environment: Fast-flowing rocky rivers with high oxygen content
Water Conditions: Clear to slightly turbid waters with moderate hardness
Temperature Range: 24–28°C (75–82°F)
 
Physical Description
Body Shape: Stocky and elongated with a flattened underside
Coloration:
Typically grayish to brown body with metallic blue or green sheen
Some individuals may show darker vertical barring
Distinguishing Feature:
Males have a prominent nuchal hump ("lionhead") on the forehead
Females are smaller and more slender with a reduced or absent hump
Note: The nuchal hump becomes more pronounced with age and dominance, especially in males.
 
Aquarium Care
Tank Size: Minimum 90 litres (24 gallons) for a pair
Water Parameters:
pH: 7.0–8.5
Hardness: Moderate to hard (8–20 dGH)
Temperature: 24–28°C (75–82°F)
Water Flow: Strong flow recommended
Substrate: Sand or smooth gravel
Décor: Rocky caves, crevices, and strong water current areas
Filtration: High oxygenation and turnover are essential
 
Diet
Type: Omnivore
Preferred Foods:
High-quality pellets, bloodworms, brine shrimp, mysis
Occasional vegetable matter
Feeding Frequency: 1–2 times daily
 
Behavior & Tank Mates
Temperament:
Territorial but generally peaceful outside of spawning
Best kept in pairs or harems in larger tanks
Compatible Tank Mates:
Synodontis catfish, small peaceful African cichlids, fast-swimming characins
Avoid aggressive or overly active species
Behavior Notes:
Adapted for riverine environments; may “hop” along the substrate
Males guard territory aggressively during breeding
 
Breeding
Spawning Method: Cave spawner
Breeding Conditions:
Provide multiple caves and rocky shelters
Female lays eggs inside a crevice; both parents guard the brood
Fry Care:
Eggs hatch in 3–5 days
Fry become free-swimming in about 7 days
Feed baby brine shrimp or powdered fry food
 
Conservation Status
IUCN Status: Not Evaluated
Notes: A unique, characterful species with fascinating riverine behavior and strong parental care. Best suited for aquarists who can replicate a high-flow, oxygen-rich environment